.IN THE EARLY hours of Oct 7th Hamas, the Palestinian Islamist organisation that runs Gaza, introduced more than 2,000 spacecrafts towards Israel. Over a thousand Hamas boxers, some in motorised gliders, intercrossed the boundary in between Israel as well as Gaza. They struck civilians on the streets of little Israeli cities and in their homes. In the following 48 hours they killed much more than 900 Israelis, a number far exceeding the deaths in the previous 19 years of dispute, and also took around 150 hostages. Israel was actually captured off-guard mostly due to the fact that Hamas had never executed such a huge assault. The country's defence establishment had assumed that in recent times Hamas had actually determined to refrain from wide-scale conflict-- which its ability to accomplish therefore was actually confined. They were wrong. Simply how effective is Hamas?